Key messages Current dominantly biomedical thinking hampers adequate management.A continuum of education and training focusing on a biopsychical approach is largely lacking and Gift Set should be enhanced.Increasing competencies in intercultural communication in the different levels of health care is needed to address basket the additional complexity of MUS management in a context of increasing diversity.In view of the high prevalence of MUS and the obvious gaps detected, research and dedication of health care resources should be intensified.